I have been so humbled as a parent because of how hard parenting is.
I thought kids would respond positively to parental love and guidance, and I was not prepared for the amount of defiance, resistance, push-back, and attitude that I have received in return. I didn't know it would be so hard to know when to encourage (even push) them when they didn't really want to do something and when to back off, letting them take the lead on their effort and wishes (and even allowing painful natural consequences). I also didn't fully get that, depending on the kid (especially their innate drive and temperament), your approach may differ wildly.
Iver has always been an extremely energetic, strong-willed ("spirited") kid with high standards for achievement both academically and athletically, which seem largely self-imposed (despite similar qualities in both Kelvin and me, his parents). I have been extremely conscious in parenting to not expect or emphasize high achievement in him, because in all the psychology books I've read and all that I've learned about kids (as well as adults!) and mental health, this can be a huge set-up for anxiety and unhappiness later in life. I want him to enjoy a wide range of activities, and pursue what he finds interesting and fulfilling, not what will make him "successful" or "productive." We've definitely found that a heavy hand with Iver back-fires more than it helps, and a very hands-off, empathetic and neutral approach fosters more compliance and cooperation, as well as much more peace at home.
Niall, on the other hand, is extremely laid-back. He hasn't been as motivated to walk, run, play sports, swim, or ride bikes, etc., which I generally would expect of a child of his age. One pediatric developmental milestone around his age (almost six) is tying shoelaces, which I recall Iver being able to do around the age of three or four. Niall (who has excellent fine motor skills!) doesn't seem particularly motivated to learn this skill (despite my projected fears he'll go to college in velcro shoes), and one desperate day we offered Iver (who is very financially motivated) $10 to teach Niall to tie shoes. "C'mon, Niall! Let me show you how to do bunny ears!" we heard. ("I'm not interested," replied Niall to his frustrated brother). We are letting it go, for now.
However, we did push him to re-start swim lessons (we don't need him to be an Olympian, just be proficient enough to not drown), which he's actually enjoying (he "quit" last winter). We also felt it was important to encourage independent bike-riding and a few months ago, took the training wheels off his bike. Every weekend day that we've been home and the weather was reasonable, we have had him do five up-and-backs on our lane on his bike. He has not wanted one of us to let go of the handlebars or the back handle for months, and would panic if he was free, despite being able to steer and pedal quite well! Kelvin would get frustrated (I, less so). We knew he "could" do it... but he didn't "want" to do it, and didn't seem confident enough to go on his own...

























































